![]() Despite the fact that GSC units produce visual impact, the above-stated advantages make sand-filled geotextile units a viable alternative to the primary and secondary armour units of a conventional rubble mound breakwater. Another attractive feature of the geotextile constructions is the insitu filling capability of the tube or containers with locally available materials, making the construction cost-effective and rapid 39. ![]() It can also be stacked to steeper slopes when compared to conventional structures. Fill ratio affects stability and shape due to interlocking and flexibility. Cost per unit volume can be reduced when the size of containers is large, reducing construction time significantly. It can supply a wide range of uniformly sized armour units, which is very difficult in the case of rocks 37, 38. Geosynthetic sand containers (GSCs) are proved to possess various benefits over conventional rock constructions 36. Coastal engineering applications of geotextiles include revetments 27, embankments 28, breakwater 29, armour units of breakwaters 30, 31 and other coastal protection structures 8, 12, 32, 33, 34, 35. (used in civil engineering applications including road construction, waste management, slope protection etc.) with geotextiles being widely used for coastal engineering applications 25, 26. Geosynthetics include geotextiles, geomembranes, geogrids, etc. Geosynthetics refers to a wide range of natural or artificial polymeric material than can be used for various civil engineering applications 24. Along with these, geosynthetics are also widely used for various coastal engineering applications. Some notable contributions in this regard include semi and quarter-circular breakwater 16, 17, plate breakwater 18, tandem breakwater 19, floating pipe breakwaters 20, 21, pile breakwater 22, 23 etc. Research extended in designing innovative breakwater structures. Concrete Cubes, Tetrapods, Accropods, Dolos, Core Loc etc., are some notable armour units 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Over the years, there have been tremendous innovations in artificial armour units. The alarming increase in the cost of natural rock, reduced availability and prohibition of quarrying in many states demand viable alternatives to rock structures 10. Over the years, rubble mound or rock armoured structures were the most commonly adopted breakwater system 9. Submerged and emerged breakwaters, dikes, seawalls, revetments and groins etc., are adopted as hard solutions 7, 8. Sand bypassing, dune replenishment, vegetative protection, beach restoration, etc. Therefore, it is inevitable to have protection structures that can reduce the adverse impact of damaging waves on coastal areas.Ĭoastal protection structures may generally be hard or soft. Recurring cyclones and associated storms surges are a matter of recent concern 2, 3, 4. Global climate change and associated sea-level rise can cause serious wave actions, inundations and coastal flooding in the adjoining coastal areas 1. Ocean waves often cause serious coastal erosion during monsoon season and can be catastrophic for the coastal ecosystem, livelihood and communities. Additionally, a calm harbour area is advantageous for the smooth functioning of ports and harbours. As a result, cement-sand filled GSC units can be suggested as a possible alternative to sand alone filled units where vandalism has to be countered.īreakwaters are generally constructed to dissipate wave energy, creating a calm condition inside the harbour area for easy loading and unloading of cargo from a berthed ship at a port. When GSC breakwaters are filled with sand and cement, up to 43% increased stability is observed with a considerable decrease in wave runup, rundown and reflection, than sand-alone filled units. The Hydraulic performance and stability analysis of cement and sand filled geotextile breakwater models are carried out in a 1:30 scaled monochromatic wave flume. The present investigation aims at analysing the performance of GSCs when filled with a calculated amount of cement and sand. Geotextiles sand containers (GSCs) emerges as a suitable alternative for the rock armour units of breakwaters and various literatures supports its efficacy. In the present scenario, obtaining huge natural rocks are difficult as well as non-eco-friendly. Traditionally these massive structures are constructed using natural rocks weighing tonnes. Breakwaters are essential constructions providing tranquility to ports and harbour structures, when there is a lack of natural protection measures.
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